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Briefing · Macro desk

The CPI Delusion: How a Narrow Index Licenses a Wide Balance Sheet

Defining inflation as consumer prices alone gives central banks a permission structure to inflate assets without political cost.

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By The Ledger Desk
AI synthesis · Published 27 Aug 2026 · 1 source at the time
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Forecast spectrum

One named call on the wire

Consensus call · Connor O’Keeffe
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Will the Fed create or justify additional monetary inflation by adopting trimmed or narrower price indexes as policy guidance within two years?

Position: YES

Key numbers

What anchors the cluster

The Cantillon Effect states that new money enters the economy unevenly, benefiting first recipients most while later recipients face higher prices.

In a 2012 paper, monetary economist Claudio Borio argued that the economics profession had forgotten lessons of the past and neglected the financial drivers of business cycles, particularly credit creation and asset prices.

Prices are exchange ratios between money and particular goods at particular times; they are not measures of value, which is subjective.

A general rise in prices across the entire economy is impossible without a change in the money supply, because supply shocks would cause offsetting price declines elsewhere if the money supply remains fixed.

The most consequential trick in modern monetary policy is definitional. By anchoring inflation to a basket of consumer goods — the CPI and PCE (Personal Consumption Expenditures) deflators — policymakers can preside over serial asset-price booms, widening wealth gaps, and balance-sheet expansion without triggering the political reflex that a 1970s-style petrol-pump shock would provoke. The cluster assembled here, drawn largely from QTR's Fringe Finance and its Austrian-school interlocutors, treats this not as an analytical oversight but as a governance choice. The Ledger Desk agrees the framing has teeth, even where the polemic overreaches.

Start with the arithmetic that the dossier keeps returning to. The S&P 500 rose from roughly 948 in 2009 to around 6,700 by early 2026, a sevenfold move; CPI over a comparable window rose from 214.5 to 321.9, roughly fifty percent. The Case-Shiller national home price index moved from about 134 in 2012 to 327 by end-2025, a 140 percent gain. If inflation is what happens to the price of a coffee, the past cycle was benign. If inflation is what happens to the price of the assets a young family needs to accumulate to reach the middle class, it was catastrophic. The gap between those two readings is the entire argument.

Until there's political change, we're going to keep doing Economic Feudalism.

QTR's Fringe Finance

The Cantillon channel, restated

The mechanism is not mysterious. Richard Cantillon's eighteenth-century observation — that new money enters the economy unevenly, benefiting first recipients most while later recipients face higher prices — maps cleanly onto a system where reserves are created against securities and channelled through primary dealers and commercial banks. Newly created money first bids up financial assets, as the Adam Smith Institute framing in the dossier puts it, before touching the consumer basket. Claudio Borio made a related institutional point in 2012, arguing the profession had forgotten the financial drivers of business cycles — credit creation and asset prices — in favour of a CPI-centric model. That neglect is the intellectual scaffolding on which the current regime rests.

This is where the dossier's operational claim lives. Connor O'Keeffe of the Fringe Finance stable puts a specific forecastable question on the table: will the Fed adopt trimmed or narrower price indexes — the trimmed-mean PCE, supercore, sticky-price measures — as formal policy guidance

within two years, and use that adoption to justify additional monetary expansion? The dossier offers this single prediction at medium conviction on the affirmative side. The reader should treat this as a one-sided dossier: no dissenting voice appears arguing the Fed will resist narrower measures, and no bearish counter-case is developed. That is a real limitation. The Ledger Desk's own read is that a formal redefinition is a lower base case than the piece implies — trimmed-mean PCE is already a Dallas Fed staple and features in Powell's press conferences without being enshrined as the target. The more likely path is informal drift: continued rhetorical emphasis on core and supercore when headline is inconvenient, without a rule change requiring political sign-off.

The polemical frame — that establishment inflation discourse exists to obscure state-run theft, in O'Keeffe's phrase — will not travel in policy circles, and does not need to. The narrower version does. Price indexes involve arbitrary choices about inclusion, weighting, substitution, and hedonic adjustment for quality. Those choices are defensible individually and consequential collectively. A monetary regime that targets the output of those choices, while treating a doubling of house prices as a wealth effect rather than an inflation, is making a distributional decision and calling it a technical one. That is the claim worth operationalising, and the one macro professionals should be watching Kevin Warsh and the next Fed chair shortlist for signals on.

Briefings are synthesised by the Ledger Desk from multiple sources cited in the sidebar. They are distinct from Articles, which are written by named contributors and carry a tracked Calibration Index. The Desk does not currently carry a Brier score; this is a deliberate choice for the v0.1 editorial layer and will be revisited.

Voices

On the wire

  • As the operation of the market tends to determine the final state of money’s purchasing power at a height at which the supply of and the demand for money coincide, there can never be an excess or deficiency of money. Each individual and all individuals together always enjoy fully the advantages which they can derive from indirect exchange and the use of money, no matter whether the total quantity of money is great, or small.

  • The services money renders are conditioned by the height of its purchasing power. Nobody wants to have in his cash holding a definite number of pieces of money or a definite weight of money; he wants to keep a cash holding of a definite amount of purchasing power.

  • Money, per se, cannot be consumed and cannot be used directly as a producers’ good in the productive process. Money per se is therefore unproductive; it is dead stock and produces nothing.

  • Inflation is an increase in the quantity of money and credit. Its chief consequence is soaring prices.

  • Inflation is an increase in the quantity of money and credit. Its chief consequence is soaring prices.

Source map

Where the material came from

  • QTR’s Fringe Finance
Cited

Sources

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